Partial prosthesis

A partial denture can replace one or more missing teeth. This brochure tells more about partial dentures.‍

What is a partial prosthesis?

A partial denture, or clasp prosthesis, is a removable prosthesis that can replace missing teeth. Unlike a full denture, which replaces all teeth in a jaw, a partial denture is helpful if you have one or more teeth in your jaw. Such a prosthesis can be an affordable alternative to a bridge or other types of dental replacements. The fact that dentures are removable means that they can be taken out for cleaning

The prosthesis is fixed with the help of clamps (hooks/braces) on the remaining teeth in the mouth. The clamps are located partly on the chewing surface of the teeth to prevent the prosthesis from sinking completely into the substrate in the toothless parts of the jaw, and partly around the teeth to prevent the prosthesis from moving and getting out of position.

To provide space for the clamps and prevent you from biting directly on them, it is common for the dentist to grind something on your fixing teeth. It may also be necessary to grind on the side of the teeth in order for the clamps to have a better grip that can hold the prosthesis in place. The grinding is limited to the minimum and does not lead to pain, increased risk of tooth decay or other damage.

In the case of a removable partial denture, it is extra important to take good care of your own teeth and prosthesis daily, in addition, it may be necessary to use fluoride rinses to prevent cavities (caries). Holes are caused by bacterial coating on the teeth, and can be prevented by good brushing and/or cleaning. It is therefore extra important when you have received a partial denture to have a thorough daily cleaning, both of your own teeth and of the prosthesis.

Different types of clasp prostheses

Simple wire staple prosthesis

The simplest clasp prosthesis consists of prosthetic teeth mounted on plastic (acrylic) located against the toothless portions of the jaw. It can have simple staples of steel wire, which help to hold the prosthesis firmly. This type is rarely used, mainly because it can often lead to damage to teeth and soft tissues with prolonged use. It can still be used as a temporary solution or before transitioning to a full prosthesis.

Molded prosthesis

A better option is a molded prosthesis, usually made in a cobalt-chromium alloy. Here, too, the denture teeth are attached to a base of acrylic which in turn is attached to a cast metal part. Because cobalt-chromium is a strong material, such prostheses can be made quite fine and like real teeth. A molded prosthesis is made so that the teeth and jawbone receive a more favorable load than when using a wire clamp prosthesis.

Why is it important to preserve even bad molars?

A partial denture will sit much steadier and impose far less strain on the jawbone if it is attached to teeth both in front of and behind the toothless portion. If it is not possible to preserve a grinder that attaches to the back of the tooth, the prosthesis must rest on the rear parts of the gums. And if the prosthesis does not have attachment to other teeth, they need to be checked and adjusted frequently as the jawbone fades.

Maintenance

The clamps can after some time become “flaccid”, so that the prosthesis does not get stuck anymore, then the dentist will have to adjust them. It is not recommended to try to adjust or bend the clamps yourself, as this may entail an increased risk of damaging the prosthesis. Clamps may after some time crack even with regular use. Then you can contact the dentist who will help you repair the partial denture.

What can I do myself?

The prosthesis must be taken out daily for cleaning. The dentist or dental hygienist will give you advice and instruction on how to properly clean your teeth and dentures. The teeth where clamps sit on have a slightly increased risk of caries/tooth decay. To preserve the remaining teeth, you should brush twice a day with fluoride toothpaste. The prosthesis is cleaned with a denture brush (or toothbrush) and soap.

If you ensure good daily cleaning of teeth and denture, and regular check-ups at the dentist, you can wear the denture for years. Without follow-up, complications can arise and the benefit may be short-lived.

If you have any further questions, please contact your local dental clinic.